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== Error Handling Patterns == Error handling is an essential aspect of writing robust and reliable Elixir code. In Elixir, errors are embraced through the use of exceptions and well-defined error handling patterns. These patterns help developers in effectively managing and recovering from errors, ensuring that the system remains resilient. === 1. Return {:ok, result} or {:error, reason} === The {:ok, result} and {:error, reason} tuple convention is widely used in Elixir to handle errors and return values. By adopting this convention, functions can communicate success or failure along with any additional information. === 2. Try-Catch === The try-catch construct provides a mechanism to catch exceptions and gracefully handle them within the current lexical scope. === 3. Rescue === The rescue clause is used in combination with the try-catch construct to catch specific exceptions and perform appropriate error handling operations. It allows developers to handle specific exceptions without affecting the flow of the program. === 4. Raising Exceptions === In Elixir, you can raise exceptions using the raise/2 function. Raising an exception allows you to better control the flow of your program and handle abnormal situations. === 5. Supervisor Strategies === Supervisor strategies allow for the creation of robust systems by specifying how supervisors should handle failures and restart child processes. Different strategies, such as :one_for_one, :one_for_all, or :rest_for_one, allow for tailored error handling mechanisms. === 6. With === The "with" keyword provides a concise way of handling a sequence of operations that may produce errors. By chaining multiple expressions using the "with" construct, it becomes easier to handle errors in a clear and declarative manner. === 7. GenServer and OTP Behaviours === Elixir's GenServer and other OTP behaviours provide a powerful error handling mechanism. By defining callbacks such as handle_info/2 or handle_cast/3, developers can implement custom error handling strategies within their processes. === 8. Error Kernel Functions === Elixir provides a set of error kernel functions, such as raise/2, throw/1, and exit/1, which allow for fine-grained control over the error handling process. These functions should be used judiciously to handle exceptional situations effectively.
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