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=== Pattern Matching === Pattern matching is a powerful feature in Elixir that allows us to define multiple function clauses with different patterns. Elixir matches the arguments passed to a function against these patterns and executes the code block of the matching clause. This enables us to have more flexible and expressive functions. Here's an example: ```elixir def foo(:a) do "Found atom :a" end def foo(42) do "Found the number 42" end def foo(_) do "Anything else" end ``` In this example, we have three clauses for the `foo` function. The first one matches when the argument is the atom `:a`, the second one matches when the argument is the number `42`, and the third one matches any other argument. This allows us to handle different cases gracefully.
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