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== Message-Passing == [[File:Elixir logo.png|thumb|right|220px|The Elixir logo]] '''Message-passing''' is a fundamental concept in the [[Elixir (programming language)|Elixir]] programming language. It is a mechanism used for communication between concurrent processes, allowing them to exchange data and coordinate their actions. == Overview == In Elixir, message-passing is accomplished using lightweight, isolated units of execution called [[processes]]. Processes in Elixir are not operating system level processes, but rather lightweight threads managed by the underlying [[Erlang VM]]. These processes have their own memory space and run independently of one another. The primary means of communication between processes in Elixir is through the exchange of '''messages'''. A message consists of any Elixir data type and can be sent from one process to another using the '''send''' function. The receiving process can then retrieve the message using the '''receive''' block. == Sending Messages == To send a message from one process to another, the '''send''' function is used. The syntax for sending a message is as follows: '''send(process, message)''' Here, '''process''' refers to the process identifier (PID) of the receiving process, and '''message''' represents the data to be sent. Example: <pre> pid = spawn(fn -> receive do msg -> IO.puts("Received message: #{msg}") end end) send(pid, "Hello, World!") </pre> == Receiving Messages == To receive messages in Elixir, the '''receive''' block is used. The syntax for receiving messages is as follows: <pre> receive do pattern1 -> # Handle pattern1 pattern2 -> # Handle pattern2 ... after timeout -> # Handle timeout end </pre> In this syntax, multiple patterns can be specified, each followed by a block of code to handle the received message. The patterns are matched against the received message, allowing for selective handling of specific messages. Example: <pre> receive do "Hello, World!" -> IO.puts("Received greeting message.") { :add, a, b } -> result = a + b IO.puts("Received add message. Result: #{result}") after 2000 -> IO.puts("No messages received within the timeout.") end </pre> == Benefits of Message-Passing == Message-passing in Elixir offers several benefits, including: * '''Concurrency and Parallelism''': Elixir processes can run concurrently, allowing for efficient utilization of multiple cores and enabling parallel execution of tasks. * '''Isolation and Fault-Tolerance''': Processes in Elixir are isolated, meaning that the failure of one process does not affect others. This provides fault-tolerance and robustness to the system. * '''Simplicity and Modularity''': Message-passing promotes a simple and modular programming model, making it easier to design and reason about concurrent systems. == See Also == * [[Concurrency in Elixir]] * [[Processes in Elixir]] * [[Erlang VM]] == References == [Placeholder: Insert relevant references here]
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