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== Message Passing == '''Message passing''' is a fundamental concept in the [[Elixir]] programming language. It enables communication and coordination between concurrent processes, allowing them to exchange data and execute actions asynchronously. == Overview == In Elixir, message passing is achieved through the '''Actor model'''. An actor is an independent entity, represented by a process, that can receive and send messages to other actors. Each actor has its own mailbox, which stores incoming messages until they are processed. To send a message to another actor, the '''send/2''' function is used. The first argument is the recipient's process identifier (PID), and the second argument is the message itself. The recipient can handle the message using pattern matching in a receive block, where it can define different cases for different message patterns. The '''receive/1''' function is used to match and process incoming messages. It takes a list of message patterns and their corresponding actions. Once a message matches a pattern, the corresponding action is executed. If no matching pattern is found, the process suspends until a matching message arrives. == Example == Consider the following example: ```elixir defmodule Example do def start do pid = spawn(fn -> loop() end) send(pid, "Hello, Elixir!") end def loop do receive do message -> IO.puts("Received message: #{message}") end end end ``` In this example, the `start` function spawns a new process that executes the `loop` function. The `loop` function waits for incoming messages using the `receive` block. Once a message arrives, it is pattern-matched to the `message` variable and printed using `IO.puts`. When the `start` function is called, it spawns a process and sends the message "Hello, Elixir!" to it. The spawned process then receives the message and prints it. == Benefits and Use Cases == Message passing in Elixir offers several benefits, including: * '''Concurrency and parallelism''': Message passing allows for the execution of multiple independent tasks concurrently, enabling efficient use of system resources. * '''Fault tolerance''': Actors can be monitored, supervised, and restarted independently, allowing for fault tolerance and error handling. * '''Scalability''': Elixir's lightweight processes and support for message passing make it well-suited for building scalable systems. Some common use cases for message passing in Elixir include: * '''Distributed systems''': Elixir's built-in support for distributed message passing makes it easy to build distributed applications and systems. * '''Event-driven programming''': Message passing enables event handling and asynchronous communication between different parts of a system. == See Also == * [[Concurrent Programming]]: Learn about concurrent programming in Elixir. * [[Fault Tolerance]]: Understand how fault tolerance is achieved in Elixir. * [[Distributed Systems]]: Explore the concepts and techniques used in distributed systems. == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Elixir (programming language)]] [[Category:Concurrent computing]] [[Category:Distributed computing]] [[Category:Software development]]
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