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== Task Module in Elixir == The Task module is an essential part of the Elixir programming language. It provides a powerful and efficient way to manage concurrent computations and handle asynchronous operations. With the Task module, developers can easily create and manage lightweight processes, called tasks, to execute code asynchronously. === Creating Tasks === To create a new task, the `Task.start/1` function is used. It takes a single argument, which is a function that will be executed by the task. The function can be defined inline or as a named function. Syntax: ```elixir {:ok, task} = Task.start(function_name, args) ``` Example: ```elixir {:ok, task} = Task.start(fn -> IO.puts("Hello, World!") end) ``` === Task Monitoring === The Task module provides several functions to monitor the state of a task. These functions allow you to check if a task is running, completed, or terminated abnormally. - `Task.await/2`: Suspends the calling process until the task completes and returns its result. - `Task.yield/2`: Takes a task and waits for it to complete, but does not return any result. - `Task.status/2`: Returns the current status of a task, which can be `:running`, `:completed`, or `:exit`. - `Task.is_alive/1`: Returns `true` if the task is still running, otherwise `false`. Example: ```elixir task = Task.start(fn -> :timer.sleep(5000) end) IO.puts("Task running? #{Task.is_alive(task)}") Task.await(task) IO.puts("Task running? #{Task.is_alive(task)}") ``` === Handling Task Failures === When a task encounters an error or raises an exception, it can be important to handle these failures gracefully. The Task module provides functions to handle such scenarios. - `Task.async/3`: Similar to `Task.start/1`, but returns a task that traps exit signals. This means that if the task fails, it won't crash the parent process. - `Task.await/2`: Takes an additional timeout argument, allowing you to specify a maximum time to wait for the task to complete. If the timeout is reached before the task completes, a `Task.TimeoutError` is raised. Example: ```elixir {:ok, task} = Task.async(fn -> raise "Something went wrong!" end) Task.await(task, 1000) ``` === Task Parallelism === The Task module also enables parallel execution of tasks. This is particularly useful when you have multiple independent tasks that can be executed concurrently. - `Task.async_stream/3`: Executes a given function in parallel for a given enumerable collection. This function returns a stream that produces the results as they become available. Example: ```elixir 1..10 |> Task.async_stream(fn x -> x * x end) |> Enum.to_list() ``` == See Also == * [[Concurrent Programming in Elixir]] * [[Processes in Elixir]] * [[Concurrency Models in Elixir]] == External Links == * [https://hexdocs.pm/elixir/Task.html Elixir Task Module Documentation]
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